What is corona:
- Family of RNA virus in the Nidovirales order
- Significant viral pathogens in human and animals
- Corona- the prefix comes from the Latin for Crown
- Name for “Crown-like” appearance of virus
Four classification
1) Alfa
2) Beta
3) Gamma
4) Delta
5) Human coronavirus are alpha-and
beta-coronavirus
- Medium-sized virus enveloping a positive standard RNA
- Very large RNA genome
Hosts, Reservoirs and infected animals
- Infect birds and mammals
- Bats are hosts to the largest number of viral genotypes of coronavirus
- Epidemics can occur when viruses transmit from one species to another
- Can cause mutations in proteins that allow the virus to bind to cells
Human
- Human coronaviruses are caused by respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections
- Estimated to account for 5-10 percent of all adult respiratory tract infection
- GI symptoms including diarrhea
When
mutations occur, coronaviruses can be a significant cause of human epidemics.
Coronavirus: a history of Infections:
·
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS)-2002/2003
1) Guangdong Province of China
2) Betacoronavirus
3) Transmitted from bats to civets to
humans
4) Began in February 2002 and the outbreak
lasted until july2003
5) More than 8000 total cases, 774
deaths, the fatality rate of 9.6%
·
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS)-2012
1) Saudi Arabia
2) Betacoronavirus
3) Transmitted from camels to humans
4) More than 2400 cases, 858 deaths, the fatality rate of 34.4%
·
2019- Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19):
1) Wuhan, Hubei Province of China
2) Seventh coronavirus found to cause
illness in humans
3) Novel betacoronavirus
4) Transmitted from snakes, but more
likely from Bats
·
What is Coronavirus:
Coronavirus is a large family of the virus that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases
such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain
that has not been previously identified in humans.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning
they are transmitted between animals to people, detailed investigations found
that SARS was transmitted from civet casts to humans and MERS from dromedary
camels to humans.
Symptoms of Coronavirus:-
Fever
Dry cough
Runny nose
Sore throat
Breathing difficulties
The symptoms can lead to shortness of breaths where some patients will
need hospital treatment.
Incubation Periods:
Novel Coronavirus: – 2-14 or 0-24 days
SARS: – 2-7 days. As long as 10 days
MERS: - 5 days (range 2-14 days)
To prevent the spread of COVID-19:
1) Maintain a safe distance from anyone
who is coughing or sneezing.
2) Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth
3) Cover your nose and mouth with when
you cough of a sneeze
4) Clean your hands often. Use soap and
water, or an alcohol-based hand rub.
5) Stay home
6) Stay indoors and avoid contact with
other people
7) Call to your near hospital to tell
them of your recent travel to the city
8) If you get a cough, a high
temperature or you feel short of breath, continue to follow this advice. Do
not leave your house without getting advice from a doctor.
9) Please follow this advice even if you
do not have symptoms of the virus